Solution treatment and aging treatment are two important processes in the heat treatment of metal materials, and they have different goals, processes and effects. Here are the detailed differences between the two:
✅ Solution treatment vs. Aging treatment:
✅ Popular understanding: Just like the relationship between "dissolution" and "crystallization"
▶Solution treatment = dissolving sugar into water
Dissolve the strengthening elements to form a uniform "solution" structure, and the structure becomes soft and plastic.
▶Aging treatment = let the sugar slowly "precipitate and crystallize" after cooling
Precipitate the strengthening elements and enhance the structural strength of the alloy like small crystals.
✅ Example:
1. Stainless steel (such as 316L)
▶Solution treatment: 1050°C water cooling to remove carbides and improve corrosion resistance.
▶Aging treatment: Aging is usually not done because its austenite structure does not rely on precipitation strengthening.
2. Precipitation hardening stainless steel (such as 17-4PH)
▶Solution treatment: 1040°C air cooling to soften the material.
▶Aging treatment: 480°C (H900) or 620°C (H1150), precipitate Cu phase, improve hardness and strength.
3. Nickel-based alloys (such as Inconel 718)
▶Solution treatment: 980°C air cooling, dissolve Nb, Ti, Al.
▶Aging treatment: 720°C + 620°C, precipitate γ' and γ'' strengthening phases, improve high temperature performance.
✅ Summary: Solution treatment is to lay the foundation, and aging is to add steel bars.
▶Solution treatment = "melt" the alloy elements, make the structure uniform, soften and processable;
▶Aging = "precipitate" the strengthening elements, strengthen the structure, and enhance the performance.
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